140CRA31200存储卡SCHNEIDER

140CRA31200处理单元(CPU)处理单元(CPU)是PLC的控制中枢。它按照PLC系统程序赋予的功能接收并

存储从编程器输入的用户程序和数据，

再用标签建立2个文本框分别命名为，计时时间、和时间到，和4个矩形框。

C.用矩形框建立机械手底座和用管道建立机械手横臂和竖臂，再用3个矩形建立抓手。

D.添加6个相同的步指示灯和2个启动和复位指示灯。其中6个步是下移、加紧、上移、左移、右移、放松。

E.关于要搬运的物块，当然自己要动手画出。用一个矩形和两个椭圆通过改变填充颜色和合成图符组成一个整体。

检查电源、存储器、VO以及警戒定时器的状态，

并能诊断用户程序中的语法错误:当PLC投入运行时，首先它以扫描的方式接收现场各输

入装置的状态和数据，并分别存入IO映像区，然后从用户程序存储器中逐条读取用户程

序，经过命令解释后，按指令的规定将逻辑或算术运算的结果送入Vo映像区或数据寄存

器内。等所有的用户程序执行完毕之后，后将1/O映像区的各输出状态或输出寄存器内

的数据传送到相应的输出装置，如此循环运行，直到停止运行为止。

为了进一步提高PLC的可靠性，近年来对大型PLC还采用双CPU构成冗余系统，或

采用三CPU的表决式系统。这样，即使某个CPU出现故障，整个系统仍能正常运行。

2.存储器

存放系统软件的存储器称为系统程序存储器。
(1) PLC常用的存储器类型。

1) RAM (Random Assess Memory)。这是-一种读/写存储器(随机存储器)其存取速

度快，由铿电池支持。

2) EPROM (Erasable Progranmable Read Only Memory)。这是一种可擦除的只读存储

器在断电情况下存储器内的所有内容保持不变(在紫外线连续照射下可擦除存储器内容)。

3) EPROM (Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)。这是一种电可擦

除的只读存储器。使用编程器就能很容易地对其所存储的内容进行修改。

(2) PLC存储空间的分配。虽然各种PLC的CPU的大寻址空间各不相同，但是根

据PLC的工作原理其存储空间一般包括以下三个区域:系统程序存储区、系统RAM存储

区(包括I/O映像区和系统软设备等)、用户程序存储区。

1)系统程序存储区。在系统程序存储区中存放着相当于计算机操作系统的系统程序，

包括监控程序、管理程序、命令解释程序、功能子程序、系统诊断子程序等。由制造厂商

将其固化在EPROM中，用户不能直接存取。它和硬件一起决定了 该PLC的性能。

2)系统RAM存储区。系统RAM存储区包括I/O映像区以及各类软设备，如:逻辑

线圈、数据寄存器、计时器、计数器、变址寄存器、累加器等存储器。组态控制技术属于一种计算机控制技术。它是利用计算机监控某种设备使其按照控制要求工作。利用组态控制技术构成的计算机组态监控系统主要由被控对象、传感器、I/O接口、计算机及执行机构等部分组成。

本次实训是借助MCGS组态软件平台来完成组态监控系统人机界面制作和程序的设计的。MCGS(Monitor and Control Generated System, 通用监控系统）组态软件是北京昆仑通态软件公司研发的基于Window平台的，用于快速构造和生成上位机监控系统的组态软件系统。通过对现场数据的采集处理，以动画显示、报警处理、流程控制、报表输出等和多种方式向用户提供解决实际工程问题的开发平台。

由于是国人开发的软件，所以它是全中文的，很适合我们使用，还有它可提供近百种绘图工具和基本图符，快速构造图形界面，此外还提供上千个精美的图库元件及渐进色等多种

动画方式可以快速的构建精美的动画，它还支持温控曲、计划曲线、时实曲线、历史曲线、XY等多种工控曲线。总之使用MCGS软件可以较快速的完成一个运行稳定、功能成熟、维护量小并且具备专业水准的计算机监控控制系统的开发工作。下面我来介绍在使用MCGS组态软件来完成任务的详细过程及遇到的问题和解决的办法。

任务一 水泵运行控制

打开MCGS通用版组态软件，我们会看见5个部分，分别为主控窗口、设备窗口、用户窗口、实时数据库和运行策略。

首先我们先新建一个工程，将其命名为水泵控制系统并进行保存。

然后打开用户窗口完成相关图符的建立，老师在建工程时先建立了实时数据库，是因为对图符的控制属性有较清楚的认识，所以对于初学者来说，先画图符是先的选择。

（1）在用户窗口中新建一个窗口0，并将其重命名水泵运行控制，在动画窗口中用标签建立动画的标题“水泵控制”

（2）绘制水泵

在软件中，已经为我们提供了“对象原件库”我们可以在其中选择所要的原件，所以接下来添加一个“泵30”图符再确定，可以调节图符的大小，以至达到美观的效果

（3）在泵下面添加两个“按钮”分别将名称改为“启动”和“停止”也可以双击来改变按钮的背景颜色。

（4）因为要展示停止和启动时的状态所以再添加两个指示灯，为了更为清楚的展现启动和停止的状态，也可以自己改造一个指示灯，其改造方法为先用一个库提供的指示灯作为改造对象先分解单元在将前面的图符拖走，将底层的图符分解图符再改变其颜色和添加一个“可见度”属性并在表达式里填入@开关量，然后再对另一只指示灯做相关属性的设置。

（5）为了显示时间我们再添加两个按钮分别为“定时器启动”和“定时器复位”再添加 两个标签分别为控制“计时时间”和“时间到”。

（6)添加四个输入框将其属性设置为数值型，

（7）现在我们来进行实时数据库里相关数据的添加，分别为 水泵、启动、复位、定时器启动、定时器复位都是开关量，而“计时时间”和“时间到”为数值型。

(8)实时数据建立完成后，再进行用户窗口里图符的相关表达式的关联，由于要有时间控制所以在运行策略里我们要添加一个定时器，和一个脚本程序，在定时器属性里设置时间值为35秒，在脚本程序里用IF-THEN语句来编写控制程序。记住要用EXIT来划分步骤，在后要进入运行环境测试前，应调节循环策略的属性，将定时循环时间改为200s。

任务二 水泵运行监控

前期仅是利用MCGS系统的“设备无关性”在水泵控制组态工程中借助定时器和脚本策略，初步实现了水泵控制系统的模拟运行，并未达到实时监控的目的，所以接下来要监控设置。

我们知道，水泵运行控制主要是使用PLC来控制的，而MCGS系统，一方面需要从PLC采集相关数据，改变实时数据库中对应变量的值，然后以画面中图符构件的动画形式显示出来，从而达到监视运行的目的；另一方面还需要将上位机组态环境中设置的暂停和运行时间写入PLC中，实现对水泵运行时间到调整，以及通过上位机启动和停止按钮实现对水泵硬件系统的运行和停止的控制。

打开前一个“任务一”将其另存为“水泵运行监控”在将“任务一”组态工程动画及属性设置进行改进。

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The central processing unit (CPU) is the control center of PLC. It receives and

Store the user program and data input from the programmer, check the status of power supply, memory, VO and alert timer,

It can also diagnose the syntax errors in the user program: when the PLC is put into operation, it first receives the field output in the scanning mode

Enter the state and data of the device, store them in the IO image area respectively, and then read the user programs0ne by0ne from the user program memory

After the command is interpreted, the results of logical or arithmetic operations are sent to the Vo image area or data storage according to the instructions

Inside. After all the user programs are executed, the output status or output register in the 1/O image area will be

The data of is transmitted to the corresponding output device, so as to run circularly until the operation stops.

In order to further improve the reliability of PLC, in recent years, dual CPUs are also used to form a redundant system for large PLC, or

Three CPU voting system is adopted. In this way, even if a CPU fails, the whole system can still operate normally.

2. Memory

The memory for storing system software is called system program memory.

(1) The type of memory commonly used by the PLC.

1) RAM (Random Assess Memory)。 This is a read/write memory (RAM) with access speed

It is the fastest and is supported by Keng battery.

2) EPROM (Erasable Progranmable Read Only Memory)。 This is a kind of erasable read-only storage

In case of power failure, all contents in the memory remain unchanged (the memory contents can be erased under continuous ultraviolet radiation).

3) EPROM (Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)。 It is electrically erasable

Read0nly memory for division. The content stored in the programmer can be easily modified.

(2) Allocation of PLC storage space. Although the maximum addressing space of the CPUs of various PLCs is different

According to the working principle of PLC, its storage space generally includes the following three areas: system program storage area, system RAM storage

Area (including I/O image area and system software device), user program storage area.

1) System program storage area. The system program equivalent to the computer operating system is stored in the system program storage area,

It includes monitoring program, management program, command interpreter, function subprogram, system diagnosis subprogram, etc. By manufacturer

It is fixed in EPROM and cannot be directly accessed by users. Together with the hardware, it determines the performance of the PLC.

2) System RAM storage area. The system RAM memory area includes I/O image area and various software devices, such as logic

Coil, data register, timer, counter, index register, accumulator and other memories. Configuration control technology belongs to computer control technology. It uses computers to monitor certain equipment to make it work according to control requirements. The computer configuration monitoring system using configuration control technology is mainly composed of controlled objects, sensors, I/O interfaces, computers and actuators.

This training is based0n the MCGS configuration software platform to complete the man-machine interface design and program design of the configuration monitoring system. MCGS (Monitor and Control Generated System) configuration software is developed by Beijing Kunlun Tongxi Software Co., Ltd. based0n the Window platform, which is used to quickly construct and generate the configuration software system of the upper computer monitoring System. Through the collection and processing of field data, it provides users with a development platform to solve practical engineering problems in animation display, alarm processing, process control, report output and other ways.

Because it is a software developed by Chinese people, it is all Chinese and suitable for us to use. Besides, it can provide nearly 100 kinds of drawing tools and basic symbols, quickly construct graphical interfaces, and also provide thousands of exquisite graphic library components and progressive colors

Animation mode can quickly build beautiful animation, and it also supports temperature control curve, planned curve, real time curve, historical curve, XY and other industrial control curves. In a word, using MCGS software can quickly complete the development of a computer monitoring and control system with stable operation, mature functions, small maintenance and professional standards. Next, I will introduce the detailed process of using MCGS configuration software to complete tasks, problems encountered and solutions.

Task 1 Water pump operation control

Open the MCGS general configuration software, and we will see five parts, namely the main control window, the device window, the user window, the real-time database, and the operation strategy.

First, we will build a new project, name it the water pump control system and save it.

Then open the user window to complete the creation of relevant symbols. The teacher first established a real-time database when building a project. Because he has a clear understanding of the control attributes of symbols, drawing symbols first is the first choice for beginners.

(1) Create a new window 0 in the user window, rename it as the water pump operation control, and create the animated title 'Water pump control' with a label in the animation window

(2) Draw pump

In the software, we have provided an 'object original library' where we can select the original we want, so we can add a 'pump 30' icon to confirm, and adjust the size of the icon to achieve a beautiful effect

(3) Add two 'buttons' below the pump to change the names to 'Start' and 'Stop' respectively. You can also double-click to change the background color of the button.

(4) Two more indicators are added to show the status of stop and start. In order to show the status of start and stop more clearly, you can also modify0ne indicator by yourself. The modification method is to first use the indicator provided by a library as the modification object, first disassemble the unit, and then drag the front icon away, Decompose the bottom icon, change its color, add a 'visibility' attribute, fill in the @ switch value in the expression, and then set the relevant attributes of the other indicator.

(5) To display the time, we add two buttons, namely 'Timer Start' and 'Timer Reset', and two labels, namely 'Control Time' and 'Time To'.

(6) Add four input boxes to set their properties to numerical type,

(7) Now let's add the relevant data in the real-time database. They are water pump, startup, reset, timer startup, and timer reset. The 'timing time' and 'time to' are numerical values.

(8) After the real-time data is established, the relevant expressions of the symbols in the user window are associated. Because of the time control, we need to add a timer and a script program in the running strategy. Set the time value to 35 seconds in the timer attribute, and use the IF-THEN statement in the script program to write the control program. Remember to use EXIT to divide the steps. Before entering the running environment test finally, you should adjust the attributes of the cycle strategy and change the timing cycle time to 200s.

Task 2 Water pump operation monitoring

In the early stage,0nly by using the 'equipment independence' of MCGS system in the water pump control configuration project with the help of timer and script strategy, the simulation operation of the water pump control system was initially realized, which did not achieve the purpose of real-time monitoring, so the monitoring settings will be next.

We know that the pump operation control is mainly controlled by PLC. On the0ne hand, the MCGS system needs to collect relevant data from the PLC, change the value of the corresponding variable in the real-time database, and then display it in the form of animation of the graphic components in the screen, so as to achieve the purpose of monitoring the operation; On the other hand, it is also necessary to write the pause and running time set in the configuration environment of the upper computer into the PLC to adjust the running time of the water pump, and to control the running and stopping of the water pump hardware system through the start and stop buttons of the upper computer.文章来自；/

Open the previous 'Task 1' and save it as 'Water Pump Operation Monitoring' to improve the animation and attribute settings of the 'Task 1' configuration project.